What are the main differences between S3 and EBS in AWS?

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Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) and Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) are both storage services in AWS, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics.

Key Differences:

1. Type of Storage:

   • S3 is object storage, designed to store and retrieve any amount of data as objects (files with metadata).

   • EBS is block storage, similar to a virtual hard drive, used with Amazon EC2 instances.

2. Usage:

   • S3 is ideal for storing backups, media files, logs, static website content, and big data.

   • EBS is used for storing operating systems, application data, and databases that require low-latency access and high performance.

3. Access Method:

   • S3 is accessed via RESTful APIs or AWS SDKs over the internet.

   • EBS is attached to EC2 instances and accessed like a local disk via the OS file system.

4. Persistence:

   • S3 data is regionally redundant and highly durable (99.999999999%).

   • EBS volumes are single-AZ by default and require snapshots for cross-AZ durability.

5. Scalability:

   • S3 scales automatically without capacity planning.

   • EBS volumes must be provisioned and scaled manually.

6. Performance:

   • EBS offers low-latency, high IOPS performance for transactional workloads.

   • S3 is optimized for throughput, not low-latency access.

7. Cost Model:

   • S3 charges based on storage used and request types (GET, PUT).

   • EBS charges based on provisioned size and IOPS, even if not fully used.

Summary:
Use S3 for unstructured, large-scale data accessible over the web, and EBS for structured data requiring fast, consistent access attached to running EC2 instances.

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